What factor determines the toxicity of a substance?

The toxicity of a substance is significantly influenced by the level of exposure to it, particularly the frequency and amount of exposure. Overexposure refers to situations where individuals come into contact with a toxic substance in amounts or at durations that exceed safe levels. When more of a toxic substance enters the body over time, the risk for harmful effects increases, potentially leading to adverse health outcomes. This principle is critical in both personal care practices, like manicuring, and in broader applications, such as industrial safety.

While ingredient quality, frequency of use, and concentration level are all important factors that can influence the overall risk and effects of a chemical, overexposure is a primary determinant of toxicity because it encapsulates the cumulative effects and potential harm caused by long-term or high-level exposure to that substance. Understanding this concept is crucial for ensuring safety in practices that involve chemicals, such as in the context of manicuring.