What is the half-moon-shaped white area at the base of the nail called?

The half-moon-shaped white area at the base of the nail is known as the lunula. It is the visible part of the nail matrix, which is the tissue that generates new nail cells. The lunula appears white due to the presence of air trapped within the cells of the nail matrix and the thickness of the nail plate. This feature is significant in the study of nail health and growth, as changes in the lunula may indicate certain health conditions. Understanding the role and appearance of the lunula is crucial for anyone studying manicuring, as it is a basic anatomical feature of the nail that can provide insight into the overall health of the nail and the condition of the underlying matrix.