Which structure is primarily responsible for nail growth?

The primary structure responsible for nail growth is the nail matrix. The nail matrix is located at the base of the nail, underneath the cuticle, and is where new nail cells are produced. These cells are created at a rapid pace, pushing the older cells forward and causing the nail to grow longer. The quality and health of the nail matrix directly influence the growth rate, thickness, and overall quality of the nail itself.

In contrast, while other structures play important roles in the nail's overall health and appearance, they do not directly contribute to growth. The nail bed supports the nail and provides a surface for it to adhere to, but it does not generate new nail cells. The nail root is the part embedded under the skin at the base of the nail, which also supports but does not function in the actual production of nail cells. The cuticle serves as a protective barrier but is not involved in the nail growth process. Understanding the distinct functions of these structures is crucial for recognizing how nail growth occurs.